Airplanes increase their altitude during the flight for several reasons. One of the main reasons is fuel efficiency. As the air gets thinner with every foot climbed, planes can travel more easily and therefore move faster and burn less fuel, saving money. The “sweet spot” of flying is regarded as between 35,000 and 42,000 feet, where the air is thin enough to reduce drag on the aircraft, but not so thin that the engines cannot function properly.
Flying at a higher altitude can also minimize turbulence and give pilots more time to fix any emergency situations that may arise. However, flying too high can also cause problems, as the jet engines need oxygen to work, and flying too high can reduce engine efficiency and cause the engines to burn more fuel. Therefore, the altitude at which an airplane flies is determined by several factors, including fuel efficiency, air resistance, wind speed and direction, traffic flow, and terrain.
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